Become a Registered Nurse (RN) – Education, Licensure & Salary
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“Many people don’t realize how much nurses contribute to patient outcomes. Their vigilance, quick thinking, and ability to respond to changes in a patient’s condition can make all the difference in recovery. Nurses also play a crucial role in educating patients and their families and helping them understand how to manage their health.”
Thom Hazel, MSN, Associate Professor, NCLEX Success Team, Nightingale College
Nursing is one of the most rewarding and in-demand career choices today. It is also a highly versatile field, with opportunities to work in various settings, from hospitals and clinics to schools and community health centers. With the aging Baby Boomer population, the demand for qualified nurses will continue to grow in the coming years. Nurses play a critical role in promoting health and well-being, and they are uniquely positioned to positively impact their patients’ lives.
Becoming a registered nurse (RN) is compelling for many people because of the relatively low barrier to entry into this growing and lucrative career. After graduating from high school or earning a GED, aspiring RNs need to complete a nursing degree. This can be in the form of a two-year associate of science in nursing (ADN) or a four-year bachelor of science in nursing (BSN). Both degrees prepare graduates to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) exam to become licensed as registered nurses.
With a degree, a passing exam score, and a registered nurse license from their state’s nursing board, nurses are ready for entry-level work in this field. Increasingly, facilities offer residencies or on-the-job training to help nurses gain the skills they need to work in a specialization or with a particular population, such as oncology, pediatrics, surgery, or hospice. RNs can obtain voluntary certification in various fields to further demonstrate their competency in a given area.
Over three million nurses are currently working across the country. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS May 2023), RNs earn an average of $94,480 annually. This field is expected to grow 6 percent, with an anticipated 197,200 new jobs between 2023 and 2033 (BLS 2024).
Becoming a registered nurse is a great way to enter the healthcare field and make a difference in people’s lives. The guide below provides everything you need to know about getting started, including education requirements, state licensure requirements, and salary prospects.
Meet the Expert: Thom Hazel, MSN, BSN, ADN, RN

Thom Hazel is an experienced nurse educator and leader with over two decades of experience in healthcare and nursing education. Currently, Hazel serves as an associate professor II for the NCLEX Success Team at Nightingale College, where he has been instrumental in helping students pass their nursing licensure exams. Hazel holds a master’s degree in nursing education and a bachelor’s and an associate degree in science nursing. His clinical experience includes working as a hospital RN in various departments.
NursingColleges.com: What do you wish the general public knew about registered nurses?
Hazel: I wish the general public understood how dedicated and hardworking nurses really are. In the hospital setting, RNs typically work 12-hour shifts and often arrive early to prepare for their shifts. They check patient assignments, review medications, and receive reports from nurses on the previous shift to ensure seamless care.
The demanding schedule means nurses rarely take their 15-minute breaks, eat lunch whenever and wherever possible, and often cover shifts whenever someone calls out. The hardest part of being a hospital floor RN was not knowing when I could go home at the end of my shift, as we rarely left on time. As I advise my students at Nightingale College, I ensure they understand the job’s realities. Nursing is an incredibly rewarding career, but it is important to understand the challenges as well.
Many people also don’t realize how much nurses contribute to patient outcomes. Their vigilance, quick thinking, and ability to respond to changes in a patient’s condition can make all the difference in recovery. Nurses also play a crucial role in educating patients and their families and helping them understand how to manage their health.
Nursing Colleges.com: What advice would you give to aspiring nursing students?
Hazel: When I ask my students why they want to become nurses, many say, “Because I want to help people.” While that’s a great sentiment, a hard reality of being an RN is that not every patient wants help in the way you might expect. Most patients just want to leave the hospital and go home.
As a floor nurse, I quickly learned the importance of setting boundaries. At a certain point, your role ends, and the patient’s responsibility begins. You can support and guide them, but ultimately, they have to take charge of their own recovery. One of the most valuable lessons I learned in nursing school and continue to share with my students at Nightingale College is, “Don’t do for your patients what they can do for themselves.”
I also advise aspiring nurses to embrace continuous learning. Healthcare constantly evolves, and staying updated with the latest practices, technologies, and research is important. Being adaptable and open to change will help you grow in your career and provide the best care for your patients. Nursing is as much about developing critical thinking and problem-solving skills as it is about compassion. The ability to assess situations, make informed decisions, and act confidently is what truly sets great nurses apart.
How to Become a Registered Nurse (RN)
Step 1: Complete High School Or Equivalent (Four Years)
For aspiring RNs, completing high school or earning a GED is essential. Most RN programs require applicants to have either a diploma or a GED, as this demonstrates a minimum level of education as well as a commitment to completing an educational program. Students should focus on classes such as science and math to prepare them for additional studies.
Step 2: Attend A Nursing Program At An Accredited School (Two to Four Years)
All nurses must complete an associate’s of science in nursing (ASN) or a bachelor’s of science in nursing (BSN) degree to be eligible for licensure. These rigorous educational programs ensure that RNs have the skills and knowledge necessary to provide high-quality patient care. Depending on the level of education completed, it can take anywhere from two to four years to complete this step. While either degree is sufficient to work in this field, employers increasingly require applicants to complete at least a BSN.
Step 3: Pass the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX) (Timeline Varies)
Upon completing a nursing program, graduates can sit for the National Council Licensure Examination- Registered Nurse (NCLEX-RN) exam. This comprehensive exam measures a candidate’s fitness to provide entry-level care to patients. The test covers many subjects, from basic nursing concepts to more advanced topics such as pharmacology and pathophysiology. To pass the exam, students must demonstrate their understanding of these topics by answering multiple-choice questions and completing simulated patient care scenarios.
Step 4: Meet The Requirements For State Licensing
All nurses must obtain an RN license from their state’s nursing board or licensing agency. The requirements will vary by state, so it is essential that nurses contact their local board to ensure they know the steps they will need to take. Below is a state-by-state guide to licensing requirements.
What Does a Registered Nurse (RN) Do?
RNs can be found working in various settings, from hospitals to private homes, clinics, outpatient centers, community organizations, and government agencies. Their duties vary depending on their place of employment and job title. An RN’s day-to-day job duties can vary depending on their specialization but may include:
- Administering medication and treatments
- Recording patients’ vital signs
- Assisting with medical examinations
- Educating patients about their health condition and how to manage it
- Coordinating care for patients discharged from the hospital
- Providing emotional support to patients and their families
How Much Do Registered Nurses Make?
Over three million nurses are working in the US. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS May 2023), nurses earn $94,480 per year on average. Earnings can vary based on the level of education completed, employer, urban versus rural, and job duties. Here are the percentiles for wages:
- 10th percentile: $63,720
- 25th percentile: $75,990
- 50th percentile (median): $86,070
- 75th percentile: $104,670
- 90th percentile: $132,680
Registered Nurse Certifications
National certification is a voluntary step RNs can take to demonstrate competency with a particular population or specialization. There are over 180 different certifications that an RN can earn. Some employers may require that an RN hold a particular certification to work in a given role. While the requirements for each certification will vary, in general the requirements will include:
- Hold a current, active, and unencumbered RN license
- Have a required number of years of work experience in the field or with that population
- Complete continuing education in that field
- Submit a completed application and pay the application fee
- Pass a comprehensive exam
Agencies that offer nurse certifications include:
- American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN)
- American Board for Occupational Health Nurses (ABOHN)
- American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)
- American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL)
- Certification Board for Diabetes Care and Education (CBDCE)
- Commission on Nurse Certification (CNC)
- Competency & Credentialing Institute (CCI)
- Infusion Nurses Certification Corporation (INCC)
- National Assistant at Surgery Certification (NASC)
- National Board of Certification and Recertification for Nurse Anesthetists (NBCRNA)
- National League for Nursing (NLN)
- Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation (ONCC)
- Pediatric Nursing Certification Board (PNCB)
- The National Certification Corporation (NCC)
- Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing Certification Board (WOCNCB)
Registered Nurse (RN) Licensure Requirements By State
State | Licensing Authority | Eligibility & Details | Renewal Requirements |
---|---|---|---|
Virginia | Virginia Department of Health ProfessionsVirginia Department of Health Professions Board of Nursing |
Virginia requires applicants for an RN license to:
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RN in Virginia must renew their licenses every two years by submitting an application, paying the $140 renewal fee, and completing one of the following continue competency requirements:
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Kimmy Gustafson
WriterThanks to her experience writing in healthcare, Kimmy Gustafson has delivered in-depth articles on timely topics for NursingColleges.com since 2022. Her aim is to assist both students and professionals in navigating the intricate process of selecting a nursing program and understanding the ever-evolving realm of nursing education.
Kimmy has been a freelance writer for more than a decade, writing hundreds of articles on a wide variety of topics such as startups, nonprofits, healthcare, kiteboarding, the outdoors, and higher education. She is passionate about seeing the world and has traveled to over 27 countries. She holds a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the University of Oregon. When not working, she can be found outdoors, parenting, kiteboarding, or cooking.